designed the study. or without conventional synthetic DMARDs participated. Of these, blood samples were available for 370 patients and 52 controls after three doses, and 65 patients and 15 controls after four doses. Treatment groups after three vaccine doses were rituximab (n= 133), abatacept (n= 22), IL6r inhibitors (n= 71), JAnus Kinase inhibitors (JAK-inhibitors) (n= 56), tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNF-inhibitors) (n= 61), IL12/23/17 inhibitors (n= 27), and controls (n= 52). The percentage of responders after three and four vaccine doses was lower in rituximab-treated patients (59% and 57%) compared to controls (100%) (P< 0.001). After three doses, the percentage of responders in all other groups was 100%, including response to omicron sBA.1 and sBA.2. In rituximab-treated patients, higher baseline immunoglobulin G (IgG) and longer time-period between rituximab and vaccination predicted better response. In this Swedish nationwide study including IRD patients three and four COVID-19 vaccine doses were immunogenic in patients treated with IL6r inhibitors, TNF-inhibitors, JAK-inhibitors, and IL12/23/17-inhibitors but not in rituximab. As >50% of rituximab patients responded to vaccines including omicron subvariants, these patients should be prioritized for additional vaccine doses. == IMPORTANCE == Results from this study provide further evidence that additional doses of COVID-19 vaccines are immunogenic and result in acceptable antibody response in a majority of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) receiving potent immunomodulating treatments such as KP372-1 biological or targeted disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) given as monotherapy or combined with traditional DMARDs. We observed that KP372-1 rituximab treatment, both as monotherapy and combined with csDMARDs, impaired antibody response, and only roughly 50% of patients developed a satisfactory antibody response including response to omicron subvariants after the third vaccine. In addition, higher IgG levels at the last rituximab course before the third vaccine dose and a longer time after the last rituximab treatment increased the chance of a satisfactory antibody response. These results indicate that rituximab-treated patients should be prioritized for additional vaccine doses. == CLINICAL TRIALS == EudraCT (European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database) with number2021-000880-63https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=000880-63. KEYWORDS:COVID-19 vaccine, serological response, biological/targeted DMARDs, response rate, omicron subvariants, immunogenicity, long-term immunogenicity == INTRODUCTION == Infectious diseases constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases Mouse monoclonal to PRKDC (IRDs) (1,2). Infectious complications in these patients are most likely the result of a combination of immunopathology of the IRD itself, associated comorbidities, and immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic treatment (3). The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has to date resulted in over 764 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 disease, and according to the WHO an estimated 22 million in excess mortality from January 2020 through April 2023 (4). Several studies have shown increased risks of hospitalization, following COVID-19 contamination in patients with IRD (58). A nationwide Danish cohort study showed 72% and 82%, respectively, higher risks of hospitalization for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and vasculitides, KP372-1 compared to the general populace (5). Although a subject of debate, studies from South Korea, Sweden, and the UK, showed a higher risk of death after COVID-19 in people with IRD compared to the general populace (6,7,9,10). These results were supported by a meta-analysis which identified an increased mortality rate (OR 1.74) for KP372-1 patients with COVID-19 contamination and rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease (RMD) compared to patients without RMD (11). Age, comorbidities, glucocorticoid use, B cell depleting therapy with anti-CD20 (rituximab), and disease activity have been associated with COVID-19-related death in patients with IRD (12). Vaccination is the most important preventive measure against severe COVID-19 disease. Three COVID-19 vaccines were KP372-1 introduced in Sweden in early 2021, i.e., two mRNA vaccine platforms (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273), and one adenovirus vector vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) (1315). The immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of these vaccines have been exhibited (1315). All adults were recommended a primary series of two vaccine doses, and in August 2021 the Public Health Agency of Sweden published updated recommendations on the use of an extra dose at least 8 weeks after the second dose to immunocompromised persons (16). Waning immunity within months after COVID-19 vaccination in healthy adults and the.
Recent Posts
- The VIYIMMNK sequence (boxed words) represents the epitope of the TM7C antibody and incorporates a part of one of the most conserved motifs (NPXXY) in the family of G protein-coupled receptors
- == Three adult (6-week-old) female BALB/c mice were bled and immunized intraperitoneally four times at 2-week intervals with 4 107spores per 100 l emulsified at a 1:1 ratio with Freund’s total adjuvant (Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA) for the first inoculation and with Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (Sigma, St
- The cytotoxic activity of CIK + Blina, combined with the two different CARCIK-CD19 products, were significantly higher against both targets (up to 58% and 70%) in comparison to CIKs alone (18% and 35, respectively), with higher efficacy observed at higher E:T ratios, needlessly to say (Figure 3A andSupplementary Figure S1A)
- designed the study
- In allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFS) there’s a Type-2 immune system response to a fungal antigen often linked to Aspergillus [43]
Recent Comments