At the same time, 34 samples were positive for anti-WNV IgM antibodies among 124 serum samples, suggesting the presence of WNV infection in patients with typhoid fever. Briefly, the agglutination test was performed against the H (flagellum) and O (cell) antigens of and H antigens of A and B, as described previously.11 An acute serum sample was deemed positive when the antibody agglutination test reached O1:80, H1:160. WNV- and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)-specific IgM antibodies were detected by IgM-ELISAs (WNV IgM Capture DxSelect (Focus Diagnostics, Inc., Cypress, CA, USA) and JEV IgM Capture ELISA Kit (Panbio, Sinnamon Park, Queensland, Australia).7 For anti-WNV IgM antibody-positive patients, sera were collected during both the acute and recovery phases, in which neutralizing antibodies against WNV and JEV were detected by the 90% plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT90), respectively. Patients with a 4-fold difference in the WNV-neutralizing antibody titers of the convalescent serum/acute period serum samples were identified as positive for WNV infection.12 The results of the WR indicated that 81% (101/124) of the acute-phase serum samples were positive (that is, patients with typhoid fever), with WR serum geometric mean titers (95% confidence interval) of O 125 (110C142) and H 170.2 (160C186). At the same time, 34 samples were positive for anti-WNV IgM antibodies among 124 serum samples, suggesting the presence of WNV infection in patients with typhoid fever. To understand the levels of neutralizing antibodies against WNV in the acute and convalescent sera of WNV IgM-seropositive patients, we retrospectively investigated the WNV IgM-seropositive patients and collected the corresponding convalescent serum samples. In total, 21 convalescent serum GLPG0634 samples were collected. In this study, paired acute-phase/convalescent serum samples from 21 patients were tested for WNV-neutralizing antibodies using the PRNT90. The results indicate that the WNV-neutralizing antibody titer during the acute phase of WNV infection was between 1:10 and 1:20, whereas that in the convalescent sera ranged from 1:40 to 1 1:320. From 21 paired GLPG0634 serum samples, there were 4-fold differences in the WNV-neutralizing antibody titer between acute and convalescent serum samples from 11 patients. Those 11 patients who were positive for anti-WNV IgM antibodies and had a 4-fold difference in WNV-neutralizing antibody titer between the convalescent/acute serum samples were identified as being positive for WNV infection (Table 1). To eliminate cross-neutralization reactions between JEV and WNV, the same samples were examined for JEV-neutralizing antibodies at the same time. As we know, the existence of cross-reactions to one virus is usually affected by the antibody level against another virus. The results indicate that the JEV-neutralizing antibody results were negative (PRNT90 1:10), which were hypothesized due to low antibody levels against WNV, although some of the acute-phase serum samples were weakly positive for JEV-specific IgM antibodies. The detection of WNV nucleic acid by PCR and cell culture was performed using acute-phase serum samples from the 11 WNV-infected patients, all of which yielded negative results. The 11 WNV-infected patients were between the ages of eight and 88 years old. Among them, seven Kcnj8 patients were 60 years old, three were 26C47 years old and one patient was eight years old. Elderly individuals were more susceptible, consistent with the observed age distribution of the WNV infection.4, 13 Overall, five of the 11 WNV patients were found to be seropositive by WR (clinical manifestations of fever, headache, sore throat, limb weakness and hepatosplenomegaly). Laboratory testing indicated that these five patients were co-infected with and WNV, whereas the remaining six patients were negative for and had only the WNV infection (Table 1). Table 1 West Nile virus infection in suspected febrile typhoid cases, Xinjiang, China test have yet to be investigated. Patients with mild symptoms are suggested to undergo home observation, whereas severe cases are admitted to the hospital for further observation and treatment. The Typhoid Fever Outpatient Service of Jiashi County Hospital made it possible to identify patients with subclinical WNV infections in the present study. GLPG0634 In this study, 124 acute-phase serum samples were collected from patients with suspected typhoid fever at the Typhoid Fever Outpatient Service of Jiashi County Hospital. The laboratory test results indicated that 27% (34/124) were positive for anti-WNV IgM antibodies, of which 52% (11/21) showed a 4-fold difference in the WNV-neutralizing antibody titers of convalescent/acute serum samples, GLPG0634 suggesting a higher incidence of WNV infection in patients with fever in Jiashi, Xinjiang, China. Among the 11 patients with a WNV infection, 5 were positive for typhoid fever, indicating that they.
Recent Posts
- All colostrum samples were tested with the S1 ELISA for PEDV IgG and IgA antibodies
- Nucleoside-modified mRNAs were encapsulated in LNPs using a self-assembly process in which an aqueous solution of mRNA (pH 4
- (CCE) Antigen particular antibody titers in the mice of and control check in GraphPad Prism 9
- non-specific protein-binding sites had been blocked using DMEM 4
- and K
Recent Comments